Direct Numerical Simulation of Sediment Transport in Turbulent Open Channel Flow Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method

The lattice Boltzmann method is employed to conduct direct numerical simulations of turbulent open channel flows with the presence finite-size spherical sediment particles. uniform particles have a diameter approximately 18 wall units and density ?p=2.65?f, where ?p ?f are particle fluid densities, respectively. Three low volume fractions ?=0.11%, 0.22%, 0.44% used investigate particle-turbulence interactions. Simulation results indicate that found result in more isotropic distribution kinetic energy (TKE) among different velocity components, homogeneous TKE wall-normal direction. Particles tend accumulate near-wall region due settling effect they preferentially reside low-speed streaks. vertical fraction profiles self-similar when normalized by total fractions. Moreover, several typical transport modes particles, such as resuspension, saltation, rolling, captured tracking trajectories Finally, concentration shown be consistent model.